The following is a global carbon steel grade comparison and application guide clearly arranged by grade classification, covering China (GB), the United States (ASTM/SAE/UNS), Japan (JIS), Europe (EN/DIN), and international (ISO) standards and core application scenarios, and presented by steel type:
1. Ordinary carbon structural steel (GB/T 700)
Chinese brand Q195
International comparison: No direct counterpart in the United States / Japan JIS SS330 / Europe EN DC01 (1.0330)
Standard number: GB/T 700-2006
Application: Lightweight guardrails, wire drawing products, hardware nails (low strength, high plasticity).
Chinese brand Q235A
International comparison: American ASTM A283Gr.C / Japanese JIS SS400 / European EN S235JR (1.0038)
Standard number: GB/T 700-2006
Application: Building bolts, agricultural machinery housing, non-load-bearing structural parts (good weldability).
Chinese brand Q235B
International comparison: American ASTM A36 / Japanese JIS SS400 / European EN S235J0 (1.0114)
Standard number: GB/T 700-2006
Application: bridge auxiliary structure, ship bulkhead, engineering machinery base (-20℃ impact toughness).
Chinese brand Q355B
International comparison: American ASTM A572Gr.50 / Japanese JIS SM490A / European EN S355J2 (1.0577)
Standard number: GB/T 1591-2018
Application: wind power tower, high-voltage transmission tower (medium and high load welded structure).
2. High-quality carbon structural steel (GB/T 699)
Chinese brand 08F
International reference: US SAE 1008 / Japan JIS S09CK / Europe EN DC01 (1.0330)
Standard number: GB/T 699-2015
Application: automobile fuel tank, electrical appliance housing (ultra-deep drawn cold-rolled plate).
Chinese brand 20#
International reference: US SAE 1020 / Japan JIS S20C / Europe EN C22 (1.0402)
Standard number: GB/T 699-2015
Application: gear blank, hydraulic piston rod (carburizing heat treatment base material).
Chinese brand 45#
International comparison: US SAE 1045 / Japan JIS S45C / Europe EN C45 (1.0503)
Standard number: GB/T 699-2015
Application: crankshaft, high-strength bolts (hardness HRC25-35 after quenching and tempering).
Chinese brand 65Mn
International comparison: US SAE 1566 / Japan JIS SUP6 / Europe EN 65Mn4 (1.1274)
Standard number: GB/T 1222-2016
Application: spring gasket, saw blade (high elasticity, wear resistance).
3. Low alloy high strength steel (GB/T 1591)
Chinese brand Q345D
International comparison: US ASTM A572Gr.50 / Japan JIS SM490YB / Europe EN S355J2G3 (1.0570)
Standard number: GB/T 1591-2018
Application: -40℃ low temperature pressure vessel, ship deck (high toughness welding).
Chinese brand Q460C
International comparison: US ASTM A572Gr.65 / Japan JIS SM570 / Europe EN S460N (1.8901)
Standard number: GB/T 1591-2018
Application: mining mechanical boom, heavy crane (tensile strength ≥460MPa).
4. Special steel for engineering machinery
Chinese brand HG785D
International reference: American ASTM A514Gr.T / European EN S690QL (1.8931)
Standard number: GB/T 16270-2009
Application: excavator bucket, mining vehicle frame (tensile strength ≥785MPa, wear resistance).
Chinese brand NM400
International reference: American AR400 / Japanese JIS SUMIHARD-K400 / European XAR400
Standard number: GB/T 24186-2009
Application: crusher jaw plate, coal bunker lining (surface hardness 400HBW).
5. Free-cutting steel (GB/T 8731)
Chinese brand Y15
International reference: US SAE 12L14 / Japan JIS SUM22L / Europe EN 11SMnPb30 (1.0718)
Standard number: GB/T 8731-2008
Application: precision screws, automotive standard parts (lead-containing, high-speed turning).
Chinese brand Y40Mn
International reference: US SAE 1144 / Japan JIS SUM42 / Europe EN 40S20 (1.0727)
Standard number: GB/T 8731-2008
Application: gears, camshafts (high sulfur and phosphorus improve cutting performance).
VI. Special purpose carbon steel
Chinese brand 20g
International reference: US SAE SA285Gr.C / Japan JIS SB410 / Europe EN P265GH (1.0425)
Standard number: GB 713-2014
Application: boiler drum, pressure vessel (pressure equipment below 350℃).
Chinese brand AH36
International reference: US ASTM A131 / Japan JIS KA36 / Europe EN E36 (1.0545)
Standard number: GB 712-2011
Application: ocean-going ship hull (classification society certification, corrosion resistance).
Chinese brand 09MnNiDR
International reference: US ASTM SA203Gr.D / Europe EN P355NL1 (1.0566)
Standard number: GB 3531-2014
Application: LNG storage tank (-70℃ ultra-low temperature toughness).
VII. Cold-rolled/hot-rolled strip
Chinese brand SPCC
International comparison: US ASTM CS Type B / Japan JIS SPCC / Europe EN DC01 (1.0330)
Standard number: GB/T 5213-2019
Application: file cabinets, home appliance housings (general cold-rolled plates).
Chinese brand DX51D+Z
International comparison: US ASTM G90 / Japan JIS SGCC / Europe EN DX51D+Z (1.0926)
Standard number: GB/T 2518-2019
Application: color steel plate substrate, building roof (galvanized for rust prevention).
International high-demand differentiated brand
Wear-resistant special steel NM500
US benchmark: AR500 / European benchmark: Hardox 500
Application: dump truck cargo box, cement mixer blade (surface hardness 500HBW).
High-energy-line welding steel EH40
American counterpart: ASTM A131EH40 / Japanese counterpart: JIS KA40
Application: large container ship decks (welding heat input 100kJ/cm).
Non-quenched and tempered pre-hardened steel F40MnVS
European counterpart: 49MnVS3 (1.1228)
Application: automobile crankshafts (no heat treatment required, tensile strength 700MPa).
